| Computational Flow Dynamics Study in Severe Carotid Bulb Stenosis with Ulceration. |
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Tack Sun Oh, Young Bae Ko, Sung Tae Park, Kyunghwan Yoon, Sang Wook Lee, Jee Won Park, Jong Lim Kim, Bohyun Kim, Sang Ok Park, Jong Sung Kim, Dae Chul Suh |
1Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Korea. dcsuh@amc.seoul.kr
2Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Korea.
3Department of Mechanical Engreering, Dankook University, Korea.
4Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Korea.
5School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering University of Ulsan, Korea. |
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| Abstract |
PURPOSE
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis have not been widely used due to limited resolution in the severely stenotic lumen as well as small flow dimension in the stenotic channel.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
CT data in DICOM format was transformed into 3 dimensional (3D) CFD model of carotid bifurcation. For computational analysis of blood flow in stenosis, commercial finite element software (ADINA Ver.
8.5) was used. The blood flow was assumed to be laminar, viscous, Newtonian, and incompressible. The distribution of wall shear stress (WSS), peak velocity and pressure across the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures permitted construction of a contour map of the velocity in each cardiac cycle.
RESULTS
Computer simulation of WSS, flow velocity and wall pressure could be demonstrated three dimensionally according to flow vs. time dimension. Such flow model was correlated with angiographic finding related to maximum degree of stenosis associated with ulceration. Combination of WSS map and catheter angiogram indicated that the highest WSS corresponded to the most severely stenotic segment at systolic phase, whereas ulceration, which is the weakest point of the plaque, appeared at the downstream side of the carotid bulb stenosis.
CONCLUSION
Our preliminary study revealed that 3D CFD analysis in carotid stenosis was feasible from CT angiography source image and could reveal WSS, flow velocity and wall pressure in the severe carotid bulb stenosis with ulceration. Further CFD analysis is warranted to apply such hemodynamic information to the atherosclerotic lesion in the more practical way. |
| Key Words:
Carotid arteries; Hemodynamic; Stenosis, CTA, ulceration; Wall shear stress |
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